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Podcast Transcript

Sam: Welcome to Pragmatism in Practice, a podcast from ºÚÁÏÃÅ where we share stories of practical approaches to becoming a modern digital business. I'm your host, Sam Massey, and in this episode, Christoph Windheuser, Global Lead of Intelligent Empowerment at ºÚÁÏÃÅ, interviews Questback CTO, Radu Immenroth, to explore how Questback build the infrastructure needed to manage and use vast amounts of customer data. Enjoy.

Christoph: Welcome to a new episode of Pragmatism and Practice by ºÚÁÏÃÅ. ºÚÁÏÃÅ is a digital global consultancy company. In this podcast series we share stories of practical approaches to becoming a modern digital business.

My name is Christoph Windheuser and I'm the Global Head of Intelligence Department at ºÚÁÏÃÅ. Today I'm here with Radu Immenroth, CTO of Questback. Questback is an online survey and feedback software company. Questback provides the necessary feedback and insights from customers end to end employees that is at the heart of business success. Welcome Radu and thank you for joining us today.

Radu Immenroth: Hi Christoph. Thanks for having me. Looking forward to our discussion.

Christoph: Yeah, great. Maybe in the first place. Tell us a little bit more about Questback. For our listeners who may not be familiar with your organization.

Radu Immenroth: Sure, sure. So, we are a software service company. We're running in the cloud and we are basically gathering a specific type of data and then we help larger organizations. Typically, that's our customer base. Then we help them analyze the data and then take action based on the data.

So, what is the specific type of data? It is, as you rightly said, feedback data. So, data about what people think, feel, how they experience specific situations, what they like, what they dislike, what do you think will work or not work in the future, why they have done something or not to have done something, their thoughts, their emotions and so forth. So, this is the data that we are dealing with.

Christoph: Yeah, very interesting. Is this what we call experience management data? What is this exactly, what is the purpose of this? Why does it help companies?

Radu Immenroth: People relate to what we're doing more and more, speaking about experience management and about experience data. Actually so, and I would say if you compare the classical surveys, which were around 10-15 years ago due to the evolution into experience management, I think the key differentiator is that you are basically measuring the perception, the customer or employee perception, across the journey across a series of interactions between the people in the organization.

And, you monitor all these experience, you aggregate the data and then you basically show experience gaps. So, on a customer side, just imagine a journey where a customer does research online and interacts with your webpage or with your source of information online. It goes to the store, tries to find the product in the store, buys the product, installs the product, if it's something that needs to be installed.

Maybe, has some issues, calls a call center, gets the problem fixed. So, this would be a typical journey of a customer and customer experience management. In this case, would measure each and every interaction and would identify where maybe experience gaps can be found. And, basically with the goal of closing this experience gaps.

Because what we are seeing, I mean, especially in the customer infogix, speaking about costumer experience. Actually, the experience becomes the, almost the only source of differentiation in for a lot of enterprises. The products are becoming more and more similar so the differentiating factor becomes the experience. Basically, delivering a superior experience.

So, this is what this can be, I mean this is on a customer side and the employee side. You can think of a similar journey. You can think about somebody being recruited, being onboarded, joining the first projects, experiences that work with the team. You can look at it in a similar way. Measure all this experience, touch points, identify gaps and close them, in order to deliver actual superior experience in a differentiating source.

Christoph Wind: Oh, very cool. That sounds exciting. So, what is the Questback way of doing this? What is your secret sauce or how do you stand out on this experience management?

Radu Immenroth: Hmm. Yes. So, first of all, we deliver end to end. So, what we are helping with is the data gathering from a software perspective. We are helping with the analysis, with identifying insights into the data and we are delivering the actual planning, the follow up.

So, actually based on the insights. And, actually, the whole industry is actually on the verge of defining the new, a new next generation of feedback software and we are in the middle of it.

So, it is about software being smarter across all of this processes about the software being more accessible to more people. And, of course, what we're trying to do is we're trying to infuse machine learning, artificial intelligence in all these processes to make it smarter, to make it more accessible.

So, to give you some examples, if you're thinking of, let's start with the first part, the data gathering. I think of having an artificial intelligent powered assistant that could be a chatbot, could be whatever type of assistant that basically helps you with the data gathering.

So, you don't need to have an expert. You can actually have the chatbot for more simple feedback use cases that creates a survey for you based on your business goals. So, you just need to tell him what you would like to do and then the bot recommends the right feedback instrument, the right measurements topics, the right distribution channels and so forth.

Of course, what we're very conscious of is that we're not trying to replace the human, we are trying to scale, actually, the impact of experts because we know companies have these experts but they have a limited number and there are certain topics, which are easy to support.

And, those use cases, we want to support with artificial intelligence. And, of course, the bots need to be trained by these experts and the bot will always phone home. So, basically call the expert when there is a task which is too hard to accomplish.

So, it's about, you know, mastering like 50/60/70 percent of the very simple feedback cases where you need this expertise and can be provided about the artificial intelligence. So, but that's just the data and it gives you, if you're thinking further, the analysis, it's about joining, for example, data automatically knowing what matches.

It's about identifying automatically relevant points to look at. It's about identifying outliers, identifying interesting things to look at because you don't want to look at everything otherwise it's just not looking amongst reporting. It's about more defining on specific things, about trying to pick out the relevant information. And then, for the action planning, you can think about recommendations, what should you do. It's about organizing, orchestrating sessions with the teams to come up with the right action plan to fix certain issues that you have identified based on the insights of the feedback insights.

Christoph: That is a lot of interesting, very interesting stuff. Let's look a little bit more technical in detail. You said the basis for everything, of course, is data. You're gathering data from your customers. You're working on this data and producing new insights and information based on that data. Tell us a little bit about your data infrastructure. How do you do this? How are you organized internally to manage all this kind of data?

Radu Immenroth: Yeah, exactly. I mean without data there is no AI, right? So yeah, if you, again, if you're thinking about how surveys used to be a few years ago, you are thinking of every silo used to all the survey.

So, you want to do a customer survey, you would run it, it's out there for a month, you close it down, you, maybe, you export the data, report on it and then distribute the PowerPoints or the PDFs to the managers that need to see it and then it disappears somewhere on a comp board or on a digital comp board.

This next generation, this smartness needs data that is, that it won't break up the silos. So, think of, think about this example with the journey, right? On the customer side, you have 4/5/6/7 different surveys. They need to be joined together. So, you have the full journey analysis possible.

So, saying on the employee side, one way of doing this is we have developed a feedback data platform. And, in this feedback data platform, you can easily join data that has been collected separately and you can enrich it with mental data so it's more easily to harvest it and to find insight across.

And, this needs to be, of course, a self service data platform so it needs to be an enabler for old type of further teams that use the data either to suck it up in the enterprise data warehouse, for example, to connect it with transactional data.

And, here we're trying to basically to clean the data and to prepare it in the best possible way so it's as easy as possible to integrate it with other data or transactional data, say a state, HR data, CRM data, ERP data.

So, this is one important part of the data platform. And, on the other side, of course, we need to open up for data scientists and that can do artificial intelligence machine learning. They're modelling, directly, the data on a vast amount of data.

Last, but not least, we know we are in Europe, we are a European company. We have European customers and we have GDPR in place so we need to make sure that we are fully following the rules there. So, you have the right to be forgotten, you need to be conscious, you can't merge data without telling the customer or the respondent, actually. So, you need to actually to ask for permission to do this early on. And, this is part of our data strategy. We are fully supporting this process and I'm making it easy for enterprise to organizations to do this.

Christoph: Great. You mentioned that you have a lot of feedback data. This is kind of high level knowledge you have, which you gain from your customers and your feedback forms and do your work on this and then you, I think you create actions out of this recommendations for the customers. How do you manage this knowledge? Is this in a database? How does this work?

Radu Immenroth: Yeah, that's a good question. So, I think what I'm observing is where I'm observing like two different streams in artificial intelligence. One is the ones that truly believe only in machine learning and in, you know, all answers are in the data. And then, there are the other ones who believe in, actually trying to model the reality with experts. But, also what I'm seeing is that successful companies like Google, like Facebook, like LinkedIn, like Salesforce, are using a combined approach.

So, they basically use, on the one side, knowledge engineering with knowledge graphs. I think a lot of people know that Google is using a knowledge graph as a foundation for their search, which initially it is built by experts and then they enrich it with machine learning, with data found in the real world where you do your neural networks and so forth.

And, this is what we do as well. So, we have created the so called feedback graphs, which is a knowledge graph just like Google's or Facebook's knowledge graph. And, we use this to enrich data that is gathered from people in the real world and this gives us the best of both worlds. You could also say that we used the knowledge graphs to buy us our machine learning models so we can actually do machine learning more precise on a smaller amount of data. So, this is, yeah, in a nutshell.

Christoph: Wow. Wow. That's pretty cool. Because I know the research area and the combination of connectionism approach and AI and more symbolic approach and knowledge graphs. That is a hot research topic that's a lot of work going on. That's a really exciting area.

Let me ask something else in AI, another area where we do a huge progress at the moment and lots of things going on is natural language processing. And, I imagine your feedback data, these are not just check boxes, but you also will have a lot of free texts from customers and clients in this. And, this question is, are you using natural language processing techniques in AI to manage and work on that?

Radu Immenroth: Yes, but let me share a little bit more. So, indeed actually more and more feedback comments are unstructured. And, we see that, yes, the quantitative data so the likert scales, the five point scales and so forth are still extremely important. But a lot of the true insight, like the true aha moments where you really get the epiphany and understand something, often comes from comments or from discussions.

So, and, of course, we need to give this source of information, of insight to our customers. And, we use NLP for this. For, yes, of course, for comments and discussions. But, what we also see is a lot of, like, spoken feedback, right? More and more feedback comes per video or audio.

Radu Immenroth: So, we do it on transcription and then we do NLP on top of it. We are basically, I mean if we step back a little bit, the whole feedback industry, is moving from just using the five point scales to using other titles data.

Like, you know, data from your watch, maybe, that is delivering a biometric data or face recognition or more relevant for us sentiment recognition on the face or in the voice. So, we are generalizing our feedback instruments and this is part of the next generation of all feedback tools and I think this is part of the, again, behind that is actually our, we're trying to make feedback easier and smarter also for respondents because what we see is we have conflicted interest here.

We have a group of people that wants to have more and more feedback and then we have the respondents, which are bombarded with surveys. So, and this is a conflict, right? So, how do we fix this? We need to make sure that we protect the respondent as well. You know, we need to make sure that if you told me yesterday how satisfied you are working at Saltworks then I don't need, within one survey, that I don't need to ask you today again within another survey the same question.

So, maybe, I can remember that you stated this yesterday and I could just use your answer then. Of course, I need to ask you beforehand if this is okay for you. But, so reusing feedback, making feedback leaner, you know, getting quick pieces of feedback from you instead of a questionnaire where you need 15 minutes to go through it. Just a piece of, you know, spoken feedback. Just smiley. Just at the end of the week, how was your week? It was great because, and then as a short comment. So, we're trying to make feedback easier for respondents as well. And, NLP is an important part of this.

Christoph: Yeah, cool. This brings me to another question, when you want to get this feedback as smart, as easy as possible, you know there are other kind of data in an organization, which is the transactional data.

So, when you asked about, for example, a customer order or somebody bought something, you also have this information about the order. Is this the kind of transactional data you have usually in your ERP system? Are you also taking advantage of this data and is this going together with your feedback data to have a complete view on the transaction and the feedback on that transaction?

Radu Immenroth: Hmm. Yes, that's an excellent point because, of course, this type of data belongs together. So, you have the transactional operational data from your CRM system, your sales information or financial information, your cost information, your production information, which is a lot about the what. And then, you have the feedback information in it, which is about the why. Why has something happened, why hasn't sales team achieved their sales targets? Maybe they haven't been trained or they don't like their boss or something is wrong in the team or whatever.

So, this type of explanation, why, it belongs naturally to the what and yes we are able to suck in a certain amount of, a certain type of data and amount of transactional data into our data platform, but we don't want to be the aggregator of all data. That's not our business.

We are, basically, our core business is feedback and it's made me rather the other way round. If you really want to do in-depth analysis, let's give you an example. So, the same state you could integrate into our system would be, we have a lot of airline customers would be the frequent flyer status. That is a piece of information that you typically can suck in, but if you want to have a very detailed, granular information about what flight somebody was on, what went wrong, what didn't go wrong. This is more in the system and transactional systems and then we rather suggest that you maybe use your existing data warehouse or your data platform where you have all of your data in there and you're just suck in our aggregated feedback data in there and do the analysis across.

Important point is that we truly believe that the data belongs to the respondents and to the organizations that got it. So, we don't try to lock you in into our platform. This is really a strategy that we have. I's the opposite, we want you to take advantage of the data that you own. So, we make it very, very easy to take data out of our system and integrate it, analyze it with transactional operational data.

Christoph: Are you using open standards because I imagine you get data from a lot of different vendors, different systems and have to integrate this data.

Radu Immenroth: Yes, absolutely. So, we are now following very closely the open data initiative that was founded by my Microsoft, Adobe and a couple of other big players in the market. And, we are following that.

Basically, it's a mental data definition so you will know that an account that is defined in Microsoft Dynamics will be the same that an account defined in our feedback system because we use the same meta data. So, we're trying to follow this open data initiative to make it easier to integrate.

Christoph: Cool. Great. And, we are coming to the end of our podcast and one question, by the way. I think Questback, as you told us, is really a digital business already so that's all what you're doing. You're creating businesses digital value out of data to your clients. What would be your recommendations to other companies, which are on their way to become a modern digital business? What is important on that way?

Radu Immenroth: Yeah, that's a good question. I think we had some lessons learned there as well. Maybe, the most important insight is that the digital business, digital transformation is not so much about technology. Yes, it is about technology, but it's actually more about people and enabling people to use that technology. So, it's about agility, speed of innovation, being able to change course quickly, try out something quickly. And, from an organization perspective it's about autonomous empowered teams and it's about, of course, we use feedback internally as well.

So, we need to identify, are the teams that are working with technology truly autonomous? Are there any impediments? Do they need more organizational support? Is there anything that we can do to increase autonomy on the empowerment of these teams? And, this is the starting point.

And then, of course, you have the technology that needs to support us. From a software perspective, we are talking about microservices architectures, which make it more easier for autonomous teams to build software separately. We're talking about infrastructure as a service where you don't need to wait six months to get into a specific infrastructure set up, but you just have it instantly. We're talking about the experimentation platform. So, of course, the technology needs to follow. But for me, the key thing is to bring autonomy and empowerment towards the teams.

Christoph: Yeah. Cool. So, what are you doing to build your next generation tools for the future of Questback?

Radu Immenroth: All of what I just said. So, of course we're trying to establish just organizational set up. We are building the software infrastructure and we are, this is part of the plan to create smarter, actually the next generation of feedbacks. Smarter feedback, more accessible feedback, less intrusive feedback, which gives you better insight and deeper insight and where it's easier to take action based on feedback.

Christoph: Okay, Radu thanks very, very much for your time. I think that was very inspiring for us and our listeners. Thanks a lot and much success on your journey till the next level of feedback.

Radu Immenroth: Thanks a lot Chris old friend. See you soon hopefully.

Christoph: See you soon. Bye bye.

Sam: Thank you for listening. If you enjoyed this episode, help spread the word by giving us a rating on iTunes, Spotify, or wherever you listen to your podcasts.